Activity

rch should elucidate how obesity is involved in the progress of keratoconus.

To investigate corneal astigmatism (CA) reduction and corneal optical quality after surface-penetrating femtosecond laser arcuate keratotomies (Femto AK) considering anterior (CA

) and posterior corneal curvature (CA

), total corneal refractive power astigmatism (CA

), and corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) through 1 year.

Prospective interventional case series.

Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna. PatientPopulation Forty-three eyes of 43 patients with age-related cataract and CA

between 1 and 3 diopters (D).

Paired keratotomies were created with a low-energy femtosecond laser (LDV Z8; Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems, Port, Switzerland) and combined with an astigmatic neutral manual posterior-limbal cataract incision. CA and HOAs measurements were obtained preoperatively and after 1month, 3months, and 1 year. MainOutcomeMeasure Change of CA and HOAs after low-energy Femto AK through 1 year.

Mean preoperative CA

and CA

(1.62 ± 0.49 D and 1.58 ± 0.44 D) were significantly reduced, to 0.66 ± 0.38 and 0.50 ± 0.30 D (P < .001) 1 year after surgery, respectively. CA

showed no significant change, from 0.31 ± 0.19 D preoperatively to 0.31 ± 0.13 D (P= .732) at the 1-year follow-up period. Astigmatism as calculated by vector astigmatism analysis stayed stable at 1month, 3months, and 1 year. Corneal wavefront HOAs significantly improved at 1month, 3months, and 1 year.

Paired surface-penetrating keratotomies created by a low-energy femtosecond laser showed efficient and stable CA reduction within 1 year after surgery. The optical quality of the cornea was preserved with lower HOAs than preoperatively.

Paired surface-penetrating keratotomies created by a low-energy femtosecond laser showed efficient and stable CA reduction within 1 year after surgery. The optical quality of the cornea was preserved with lower HOAs than preoperatively.

To identify prognostic factors for axial length (AL) elongation and incidence of posterior staphyloma (PS) in adult Japanese patients with high myopia.

Retrospective, observational cohort study.

Six-year follow-up data for 345 patients (620 eyes with AL ≥ 26.5mm and spherical equivalent [SE] ≤- 8.00 diopters) admitted to the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital from 2007 to 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Main outcome measures were change in AL from baseline, factors associated with AL, categorization of eyes with high myopia, factors associated with incidence of PS, and impact of PS on myopic maculopathy and visual function.

The mean annual increase in AL was 0.03mm. Presence of optic nerve disc conus (P= .025), steeper corneal curvature, lower SE, and decreased choroidal thickness (CT) (all P < .001) were associated with increased AL in univariate and multivariate analyses. Younger age (P= .003) and no use of intraocular pressure-lowering medications (P= .046) were associated with increased AL. Eyes with high myopia were categorized using factor analysis as associated with glaucoma, severe pathologic myopia, and mild-to-moderate pathologic myopia. Older age, increased AL, glaucoma, and choroidal thinning (all P ≤ .001) were identified as significant risk factors for the incidence of PS in univariate and/or multivariate analyses. Incidence of PS was a precursor for myopic maculopathy and visual field defects.

Optic nerve disc conus, steeper corneal curvature, lower SE, decreased CT, and no use of intraocular pressure-lowering medications were prognostic factors for increased AL. Older age, increased AL, glaucoma, and decreased CT were prognostic factors for PS.

Optic nerve disc conus, steeper corneal curvature, lower SE, decreased CT, and no use of intraocular pressure-lowering medications were prognostic factors for increased AL. Older age, increased AL, glaucoma, and decreased CT were prognostic factors for PS.

We sought to construct and validate a patient-reported outcome measure for screening and monitoring vision-related anxiety in patients with inherited retinal degenerations.

Item-response theory and graded response modeling to quantitatively validate questionnaire items generated from qualitative interviews and patient feedback.

Patients at the Kellogg Eye Center (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA) with a clinical diagnosis of an inherited retinal degeneration (n= 128) participated in an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 166 items, 26 of which pertained to concepts of “worry” and “anxiety.” The subset of vision-related anxiety questions was analyzed by a graded response model using the Cai Metropolis-Hastings Robbins-Monro algorithm in the R software mirt package. Item reduction was performed based on item fit, item information, and item discriminability. To assess test-retest variability, 25 participants completed the questionnaire a second time 4 to 1t-reported outcome measure to be used as a psychosocial screening and monitoring tool for patients with inherited retinal degenerations. (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid research buy It can be used in therapeutic clinical trials for measuring the benefit of an investigational therapy on a patient’s vision-related anxiety.

To review the biosimilars of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for retinal diseases and provide an update about their development.

Literature review.

A comprehensive literature review was performed for scientific articles, clinical trials, and press releases for the development of biosimilars in ophthalmology.

To date, Razumab (Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, GJ, India) is the only approved biosimilar for ophthalmic use, but the landscape will rapidly change in the future with multiple biosimilar candidates, which are currently in phase 3 trials, showing promising early results.

Biosimilars hold the potential to reduce the financial burden of the highly efficacious biologic therapy in retinal pathologies. However, the off-label bevacizumab may differentiate the success of biosimilars in different geographic regions.

Biosimilars hold the potential to reduce the financial burden of the highly efficacious biologic therapy in retinal pathologies. However, the off-label bevacizumab may differentiate the success of biosimilars in different geographic regions.