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5%, 23.5%, 22.3% and 17%, respectively. Fifty percent of readmissions occurred in the first 2 weeks after hospital discharge. On multivariable logistic regression analysis in-hospital infections (OR 2.85, p=0.001) were independent predictors for overall readmission. Male gender (OR 3.5, p=0.02) and in-hospital infections (OR 4.35, p=0.002) were independent predictors for multiple readmissions.

The 90-day readmission rate following robotic radical cystectomy is significant. In-hospital infections and male gender were independent factors for readmission. Most readmissions occurred in the first 2 weeks following discharge, with metabolic derangements and infections being the most common causes.

The 90-day readmission rate following robotic radical cystectomy is significant. In-hospital infections and male gender were independent factors for readmission. Most readmissions occurred in the first 2 weeks following discharge, with metabolic derangements and infections being the most common causes.Immunotherapy is changing the treatment paradigm for cancer and has introduced new challenges in medical imaging. Because not all patients benefit from immunotherapy, pretreatment imaging should be performed to identify not only prognostic factors but also factors that allow prediction of response to immunotherapy. Follow-up studies must allow detection of nonresponders, without confusion of pseudoprogression with real progression to prevent premature discontinuation of treatment that can benefit the patient. Conventional imaging techniques and classic tumor response criteria are limited for the evaluation of the unusual patterns of response that arise from the specific mechanisms of action of immunotherapy, so advanced imaging methods must be developed to overcome these shortcomings. The authors present the fundamentals of the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy and how they influence imaging findings. They also discuss advances in functional and molecular imaging techniques for the assessment of immunotherapy in clinical practice, including their use to characterize immune phenotypes, assess patient prognosis and response to therapy, and evaluate immune-related adverse events. Finally, the development of radiomics and radiogenomics in these therapies and the future role of imaging biomarkers for immunotherapy are discussed. Online supplemental material is available for this article.©RSNA, 2020.Nonepithelial tumors of the larynx are rare and represent a minority of all laryngeal neoplasms. Tofacitinib Imaging has an important role in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and surveillance of these entities. However, unfamiliarity with these neoplasms can cause diagnostic difficulties for radiologists, especially because many of the imaging findings are nonspecific. By using a systematic approach based on clinical history, patient age and gender, lesion location, endoscopic results, and specific imaging findings, the differential diagnosis can often be narrowed. These tumors typically affect the submucosal layer, so if a tumor has an intact mucosa at endoscopy, a nonepithelial neoplasm is the most likely diagnosis. Nonepithelial tumors of the larynx can arise from the laryngeal cartilage or muscle or from the surrounding lymphoid tissue or blood vessels. Consequently, imaging findings typically correspond to the specific cell type from which it originated. Recognizing specific features (eg, metaplastic bone formation, macroscopic fat, or enhancement pattern) can often help narrow the differential diagnosis. In addition, identification of noncircumscribed borders of the lesion and invasion of the adjacent structures is key to diagnosis of a malignant process rather than a benign neoplasm. Understanding the pathologic correlation is fundamental to understanding the radiologic manifestations and is ultimately crucial for differentiation of nonepithelial laryngeal neoplasms. Online supplemental material is available for this article.©RSNA, 2020.The full digital presentation is available online.Biologic therapy is a new treatment option for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Currently, the only biologic with Food and Drug Administration-approval status for CRSwNP is dupilumab. Several other biologics are likely to be approved for CRSwNP, including mepolizumab and omalizumab, based on their promising phase 3 trial results. The role of biologics in the treatment paradigm requires consideration of multiple factors that have yet to be clearly established. This includes identifying patients most appropriate for biologic therapy while considering long-term safety and cost-effectiveness in the context of patient preferences and goals.Skull base metastatic tumors are rare. Breast cancer in particular can cause bone metastases after a long period of time. A 70-year-old woman presented with multiple cranial nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion that extended from the orbit to the base of the skull, and the patient was referred to our department. Ophthalmological evaluation showed left visual acuity impairment, left oculomotor nerve palsy, and left trochlear nerve palsy. Endoscopic biopsy performed 5 years after the completion of breast cancer treatment revealed skull base metastases. In unilateral multiple cranial nerve palsy, the possibility of skull base metastases should be considered.

Patients with acute respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high likelihood of needing prolonged intubation and may subsequently require tracheotomy. Indications and timing for performing tracheotomy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 pneumonia are still elusive. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of tracheotomy in the context of this pandemic. Moreover, we report the timing of the procedure and the time needed to complete weaning and decannulation in our center.

This retrospective, observational cohort study included adults (≥18 years) with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the tertiary care center of Reggio Emilia (Italy). All patients underwent orotracheal intubation with invasive mechanical ventilation, followed by percutaneous or open surgical tracheotomy. Indications, timing of the procedure, and time needed to complete weaning and decannulation were reported.

Forty-four patients were included in the analysis.