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5%. When the TRAb positivity of the groups was compared according to the state of having remission in the 18th month of the treatment, the positivity rate in the non-remission group was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.023).The time to go into remission was longer and the cumulative methimazole dose requirement was higher in the TRAb positive group (p <0.001).

Graves’ disease patients with positive third-generation TRAb were found to have a lower rate of remission in the 18-month period compared to negative patients. Key Words Graves’ disease, TSH receptor antibody, Cumulative, Methimazole.

Graves’ disease patients with positive third-generation TRAb were found to have a lower rate of remission in the 18-month period compared to negative patients. Key Words Graves’ disease, TSH receptor antibody, Cumulative, Methimazole.

To evaluate breast cancer patients with low F18-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan (FPET) of axilla standardised maximum uptake value (SUVmax) along with their histopathological findings regarding axillary lymph node metastasis (LNM).

A descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study Adana City Education and Research Hospital, Turkey, from January 2015 to October 2018.

The current study analysed the findings of 113 patients according to age, histopathological axillary LNM, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, tumour size, histological grade, Ki-67, HER2 and preoperative FPET SUVmax findings. Histopathological and immunohistochemical comparisons were made between FPET axilla SUVmax and univariate and multivariate parameters in breast carcinoma in terms of LNM.

The authors analysed the receiver operator characteristic curve for the FPET axilla SUVmax and set the cut-off value to 1.84 to predict LNM. However, it was also found that the SUVmax detected metastases in the axilla at values lower than 1.84. In the multivariate analysis, a statistically significant relationship was found between axilla LNM cases that have FPET axilla SUVmax less than 1.84, a Ki-67 index greater than 15% and tumour size greater than 2 cm (p <0.05).

Values that were above the axilla SUVmax limit of 1.84 in FPET helped determine LNM. However, further evaluation of patients is needed comparing axilla SUVmax of less than 1.84 in FPET together with the Ki-67 proliferation index and tumour size. Key Words Breast, Cancer, Lymph nodes, Metastasis, PET, Pathology.

Values that were above the axilla SUVmax limit of 1.84 in FPET helped determine LNM. However, further evaluation of patients is needed comparing axilla SUVmax of less than 1.84 in FPET together with the Ki-67 proliferation index and tumour size. Key Words Breast, Cancer, Lymph nodes, Metastasis, PET, Pathology.

To evaluate the association between the degree of emphysema on computed tomography (CT) images and disease severity, in order to predict the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Cross-sectional, observational study.

University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between January 2016 and January 2017. The analysis of the medical records of patients was performed in December 2020.

Clinically diagnosed COPD patients were included in this study. Based on emphysema severity on CT, the patients were classified into three groups as group I (n=59), group II (n=37), and group III (n=20), and emphysema was not present in the remaining 15 patients. The associations between emphysema severity and the GOLD stage, mMRC dyspnea score and exacerbation frequency were analysed with Chi-square test.

In 131 patients, the severity and presence of emphysema was found to be significantly associated with smoking history (p=0.034). However, no significant differences were observed between emphysema severity and exacerbation frequency (p=0.512) and mMRC dyspnea scores (p=0.110). The severity of emphysema was related with the GOLD stage (p=0.001). There was also a significant association between BMI and severity of emphysema, with the severe emphysema cases tending to be underweight (p=0.001).

CT-emphysema severity can be used to classify COPD to assist in the clinical characterisation of patients. This type of classification is important to determine the underlying pathophysiology and genomic profile of COPD. Key Words Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Computed tomography, Emphysema.

CT-emphysema severity can be used to classify COPD to assist in the clinical characterisation of patients. This type of classification is important to determine the underlying pathophysiology and genomic profile of COPD. Key Words Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Computed tomography, Emphysema.

To compare the efficacy of intradermal platelet-rich-plasma vs. intradermal tranexamic acid in treatment of melasma.

Non-randomised controlled trial.

Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from 1st October 2019 to 30th April 2020.

Cases of melasma from either gender with age 20-40 years, were included. Diagnosis of melasma was made clinically on the basis of hyperpigmentation at sun-exposed areas and by Wood’s lamp. Severity was labelled on the basis of melasma area and severity index (MASI) score. Cases in group A were managed with 1 ml of intradermal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and those in group B were offered intradermal tranexamic acid in a dose of 4 mg. The treatment was offered every 4th week and for a total period of 12 weeks; and final outcome was seen at 24th week. At every visit, the cases were noted for their mean MASI score.

In this study, there were a total of 64 cases, 32 in each group. There were 19 (59.38%) males in group A and 16 (50%) in group B (p=0.61). LY3214996 concentration Mean age in group A and B was 24.63 ± 9.87 vs. 23.94 ± 8.93 years (p= 0.76). Mean MASI score at baseline was 29.84 ± 5.14 vs. 29.56 ± 4.39, p=0.21. MASI was significantly better in group A at 4 weeks where score was 29.44 ± 5.35 vs. 28.69 ± 4.10, p=0.01. Mean MASI was 12.81 ± 1.78 vs. 18.38 ± 3.50, p=00001 at 12 weeks and 8.72 ± 3.40 vs. 14.97±4.33, p=0.02 at 24 weeks in group A and B, respectively.

Intradermal PRP is significantly better than intradermal tranexamic acid in management of melasma. Key Words Melasma, Tranexamic acid, PRP, MASI.

Intradermal PRP is significantly better than intradermal tranexamic acid in management of melasma. Key Words Melasma, Tranexamic acid, PRP, MASI.