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The implant with long and greatest diameter had higher stability. Periotest can be used to determine dental implant stability.

Periotest is useful in determining dental implant stability. Large-scale studies may be helpful in obtaining useful results.

Periotest is useful in determining dental implant stability. Large-scale studies may be helpful in obtaining useful results.

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of calcium hydroxide combinations with green tea extract and the combination of calcium hydroxide with cocoa pod husk extract on the activation of p38 MAPK and wide area of reparative dentin in mice dental.

This study used 36 rats that were randomly divided into three treatment groups positive control group was applied calcium hydroxide and aquades (group I), the test group was applied calcium hydroxide combined with cocoa pod husk extract (group II), and the next test group was applied using calcium hydroxide combined with green tea extract (group III); all the cavities were restored with RMGIC. On day 7 and 28, experimental animals from each treatment group were killed by peritoneal injection to see the activation of p38 MAPK, while reparative dentin was only seen on day 28.

The result of data analysis using Multiple Comparison Tukey HSD test showed significant difference between the positive control group and the test groups for the average p38 MAPK activation value on day 7 and 28. But there was no significant difference between two test groups. The same thing was obtained in the calculation of the average area of reparative dentin, where group I had the lowest value compared to groups II and III on day 28 with a significant difference. There was no significant difference between groups II and III.

The use of combination calcium hydroxide with green tea extract and combination calcium hydroxide with cocoa pod husk extract have significant effect on p38 MAPK activation and wide area of reparative dentin in mice dental.

The use of combination calcium hydroxide with green tea extract and combination calcium hydroxide with cocoa pod husk extract have been proven to activate more p38 and form a wider reparative dentin.

The use of combination calcium hydroxide with green tea extract and combination calcium hydroxide with cocoa pod husk extract have been proven to activate more p38 and form a wider reparative dentin.

The present study aimed to assess the formation of microcracks in root dentin post-instrumentation with nickel-titanium (NiTi) hand and rotary file system.

Totally, 80 freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single roots were chosen for this study. Access opening was performed and #10 K-file was used to attain patency of canal. All specimens were divided into four groups (each group having 20 specimens), i.e., Group I Unprepared, Group II NiTi hand K-files, Group III Self-adjusting file, and Group IV XP-Shaper single file. Complete irrigation of all the canals was performed after instrumentation. All roots were cut horizontally at three levels [apical third (3 mm), middle third (6 mm), and cervical third (9 mm)] from the apex with diamond disc. A stereomicroscope was used to view the sections under 20× magnification.

Self-adjusting file showed least number of defects with a percentage of 75% followed by XP-Shaper and NiTi hand K-files with a values of 65 and 60%, respectively. Use of hand K-filicant ones. Self-adjusting file system represented satisfactory results with minimal microcracks defects.

The root dentin may unavoidably get damaged during instrumentation resulting in the formation of dentinal cracks and tiny complicated fractures, thus leading to endodontic failures. Various factors cause dentinal cracks, but the flexibility of file due to heat treatment, kinematics of the file, and the basic architecture of the file are the most significant ones. Self-adjusting file system represented satisfactory results with minimal microcracks defects.

The aim of the study was to assess the conditioning efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Er,CrYSGG laser (ECYL) to dentin compared with conventional regime bonded to resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC).

Forty mandibular teeth were cleaned, disinfected, and mounted vertically within the segments of polyvinyl pipes up to cementoenamel junction. H-His-OH.HCl.H2O The occlusal surfaces were flattened, and samples were divided into four groups according to conditioning protocols. Samples in groups I and II underwent PDT, samples in group III were conditioned with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) using Er,CrYSGG laser (ECYL), and samples in group IV were conditioned using polyacrylic acid (PAA). Fuji II LC was applied incrementally and light cured for 20 seconds. All samples were placed in universal testing machine for shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The fracture surface was analyzed using stereomicroscope at 50× magnification to determine mode of failure. Among different investigational groups Tukey test was used as

ove, is of utmost importance for better treatment outcome, predictable prognosis, and improved bond integrity to RMGIC.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the prior application of intracanal medicaments on the bond strength of OrthoMTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) and iRoot SP to the root dentin.

Thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars were standardized and prepared using ProTaper rotary files. The specimens were divided into a control group and two experimental groups receiving Diapex and Odontopaste medicament, either filled with iRoot SP or OrthoMTA, for 1 week. Each root was sectioned transversally, and the push-out bond strength and failure modes were evaluated. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney

test.

There was no significant difference between the bond strength of iRoot SP and OrthoMTA without medicaments and with the prior placement of Diapex (

value > 0.05). However, iRoot SP showed significantly higher bond strength with the prior placement of Odontopaste (

value < 0.05). Also, there was no association between bond strength of OrthoMTA with or without intracanal medicament (

value > 0.